TANZANIA, TANZANIA -- UN Security Council members affirmed their commitment to end the joint UN-African Union peacekeeping force in Sudan's western Darfur region on Tuesday but were divided on the timing, with Russia and African nations calling for a Dec. 31 termination and several Western nations urging more time before an exit.
The council is under pressure to decide because the mandate of the joint mission, known as UNAMID, runs out on Dec. 31.
In June, the council voted unanimously to move toward ending UNAMID, which has well over 6,000 military and police personnel and more than 1,500 civilian staffers, and replacing it with a much smaller UN civilian mission. But the council did not set a date for UNAMID's end and the official start of the new political mission, the United Nations Integrated Transition Assistance Mission in Sudan, known as UNITAMS.
"Sudan is at a critical juncture," UN political chief Rosemary DiCarlo told the council's virtual meeting. "It can move forward decisively in its transition, but that process can still be derailed by the many challenges it faces."
DiCarlo and all council members welcomed the peace agreement signed by the transitional government and rebel groups on Oct. 3. But she pointed to Sudan's "dire economic situation," exacerbated by a five-month shutdown to prevent the spread of COVID-19, as well as rising humanitarian needs driven in part by severe flooding and intercommunal violence.
The Sudanese government has been pressing for UNAMID to end on Dec. 31, and Russia's deputy ambassador Anna Evstigneeva backed the end-of-year termination, as did Niger's UN ambassador, Abdou Abarry, speaking on behalf of South Africa, Tunisia and St. Vincent and the Grenadines.
"The situation on the ground and arrangements set up by the transitional government to provide stability and protection of persons and property in Darfur are conducive for UNAMID to begin its withdrawal process and to hand over control to UNITAMS as of Dec. 31," Abarry said.
DiCarlo said Sudan's transitional government has underscored that UNITAMS should have "a light footprint." In response, she said, the mission will focus on assisting the political transition, supporting peace processes, assisting peacebuilding, protecting civilians and the rule of law, and supporting Sudanese efforts to mobilize economic, development and humanitarian assistance.
DiCarlo said the UN goal is for UNITAMS and the UN civilian country team to begin delivering on those objectives by Jan. 1.
UN peacekeeping chief Jean-Pierre Lacroix said Sudan's transitional government is resolved to take responsibility for protecting civilians -- a key role of UNAMID's peacekeepers -- but questioned who would protect civilians during a transition.
He said the AU, UN and the government have recommended the termination of UNAMID on Dec. 31 "followed by a six-month drawdown and liquidation thereafter."
UN logistics chief Atul Khare warned the council that closing down one of the largest UN operations "would be a major undertaking," explaining that the mission's personnel are spread out at a base in El Fasher, mission headquarters in Zallingei, 13 team sites, as well as in Khartoum and Port Sudan.
In addition to equipment deployed with the 22 military and police contingents, Khare said the mission has more than 10,000 "assets plus inventory." The drawdown will take no less than six months, he said, followed by a 9 to 12 month period "of asset disposal and liquidation" that will require "full co-operation" of the government.
Germany's UN ambassador, Christoph Heusgen, echoed DiCarlo, warning that Sudan is at "a critical juncture" and "the transition process could still derail."
He pointed to the floods, a poor harvest, COVID-19, reports of internal fights over control of gold mines, attacks against government forces, and low representation of women in transitional bodies.
Heusgen urged the council to look at its obligations in deciding on the drawdown and how to co-operate with the government "in the most effective way possible in order to cope with all the challenges we face."
Jose Singer, the Dominican Republic's UN ambassador, said he was reminded of what happened in neighbouring Haiti after "the premature withdrawal" of UN peacekeepers, a reference to the ongoing insecurity in the country.
Britain's new UN ambassador, Barbara Woodward, called on the UN, working with Sudan's government, "to ensure that the transition from UNAMID to UNITAMS is responsible, sequenced and sustainable."
Estonia's UN ambassador, Sven Jurgenson, said "Estonia is supporting a responsible withdrawal which is not politicized, but based on the needs on the ground."
"Rushing the withdrawal risks losing the significant gains made by UNAMID over the years," he said.
