Allowing children to play impact sports, such as rugby or boxing, amounts to a form of child abuse, researchers from three British universities said in a new study.
Writing in Sports, Ethics & Philosophy: Journal of the British Philosophy of Sport Association, academics from the University of Winchester, Bournemouth University and Nottingham Trent University concluded that letting children play impact sports contradicts existing British laws that prohibit child abuse, and that the sports鈥 governing bodies "effectively groom children into sustaining and accepting brain trauma."
The Rugby Football Union (RFU), the sport鈥檚 governing body in England, told CNN that 鈥減layer welfare has and will continue to be our top priority.鈥 England Boxing had not replied to CNN鈥檚 request for comment at the time of publication.
鈥淭he child鈥檚 brain doesn鈥檛 know or care how it was traumatized,鈥 study lead author Eric Anderson, Professor of Sport at the University of Winchester, told CNN. 鈥淭he injury remains the same. And so we need to stop parents from hitting children in the head as punishment. But we also need to stop children from being hit in the head as a form of play.鈥
In recent years, the potentially devastating long-term consequences of repeated head impacts in rugby have become clearer and more widely publicized, spotlighted by a group of former players bringing an ongoing legal case against the sport鈥檚 governing bodies over the issue of degenerative brain disease.
Some of the former players involved had been diagnosed with early onset dementia and probable chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) 鈥 a progressive, degenerative brain disease caused by repeated hits to the head 鈥 in their early 40s.
Given this growing body of evidence, the study鈥檚 authors argue that laws such as the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, as well as the RFU鈥檚 own safeguarding policy, provide 鈥渏ustifiable framework for prohibiting impact sports for children.鈥
鈥淚t鈥檚 not actually us terming it child abuse,鈥 study co-author Gary Turner, a PhD student at the University of Winchester and former world champion kickboxer, told CNN.
鈥淚t鈥檚 the policy position of the day that鈥檚 calling it child abuse. What we鈥檝e done is take 鈥 the medicolegal position of the day and applied it to sports practices.鈥
In the U.K., where the study was conducted, 8.3 per cent of children aged 5-16 played rugby during the 2022/23 school year, according to collected by market insight firm Statista.
The study argues that children cannot consent to taking part in highly dangerous activities such as impact sports, nor can adults give informed consent on their behalf.
And while sports organizations 鈥渉ighlight all the health benefits, all the positives, they will 鈥 ignore the elements of the sport that are causing harm,鈥 co-author Keith Parry, Head of Department for Sport and Event Management at the University of Bournemouth, told CNN
As a result of their findings, the researchers called for contact in these sports to be restricted until adulthood, citing action taken in other sports, such as English soccer鈥檚 Football Association forbidding headers below the age of 12 and U.K. Athletics prohibiting under-18s from taking part in marathons.
鈥淚f we were to invent sports from the get-go today, we wouldn鈥檛 be inventing sports that had children hitting their brains,鈥 Anderson said. 鈥淏ut because these are longstanding sports, we have some cultural lore for them. And we鈥檙e highlighting that we need to contest that cultural lore and favor children鈥檚 brains over the sports themselves.鈥
The RFU told CNN that it recognizes 鈥渃ontact sport does not appeal to everyone鈥 and that different forms of rugby exist, such as 鈥渞educed contact and non-contact.鈥
It also highlighted the 鈥渟ignificant physical and mental health benefits along with life skills gained from a playing team sport which has strong values,鈥 and the steps it said it had taken to mitigate the risks of concussion at grassroots level.
The organization said it "offers resources to support clubs, colleges, schools, universities, players and parents," and that its concussion awareness program "aligns to the Government鈥檚 U.K. Concussion Guidelines for Grassroots Sport launched last spring."
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