DAVOS, SWITZERLAND -- Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy called for "maximum" sanctions against Russia during a virtual speech Monday to corporate executives, government officials and other elites on the first day of the World Economic Forum gathering in Davos.
He said sanctions need to go further to stop Russia's aggression, including an oil embargo, blocking all of its banks and cutting off trade with Russia completely.
"This is what sanctions should be: They should be maximum, so that Russia and every other potential aggressor that wants to wage a brutal war against its neighbor would clearly know the immediate consequences of their actions," Zelenskyy said through a translator.
He also pushed for the complete withdrawal of foreign companies from Russia to prevent supporting its war and said Ukraine needs at least US$5 billion in funding per month.
"The amount of work is enormous: we have more than half a trillion of dollars in losses, tens of thousands of facilities were destroyed. We need to rebuild entire cities and industries," Zelenskyy said, coming days after the Group of Seven leading economies agreed to provide $19.8 billion in economic aid.
He said that if Ukraine had "received 100% of our needs at once, back in February" in terms of weapons, funding, political support and sanctions against Russia, "the result would be tens of thousands of lives saved."
The war was a key focus Monday at Davos, the village in the Swiss Alps that has been transformed into a glitzy venue for the four-day confab ostensibly dedicated to making the world a better place. The event resumed in person after a two-year hiatus because of the COVID-19 pandemic, which also delayed this year's meeting from its usual winter slot.
Besides the war, attendees tackled other major issues like the threat of rising hunger worldwide, climate change, inequality and persistent health crises. But it's hard to predict if the high-minded discussions will yield substantial announcements that make headway on the world's most pressing challenges.
Zelenskyy, who received a standing ovation after his remarks, reiterated that Russia was blocking critical food supplies, such as wheat and sunflower oil, from leaving Ukraine's ports.
Ukraine, along with Russia, is a major exporter of wheat, barley and sunflower oil, and the interruption of those and other staples is threatening food insecurity in countries in Africa, the Middle East and Asia that rely on those affordable supplies.
The head of the UN's World Food Program said in a panel that "the failure to open the ports is a declaration of war on global food systems." He told The Associated Press that the region's farmers "grow enough food to feed 400 million people."
If such supplies remain off the market, the world could face a food availability problem in the next 10 to 12 months, and "that is going to be hell on earth," WFP Executive Director David Beasley told the AP in an interview.
He warned that there are "49 million (people) knocking on famine's door right now in 43 countries," including Yemen, Lebanon, Mali, Burkina Faso, Egypt, Congo, Guatemala and El Salvador.
Beasley called on the world's billionaires to aid efforts to prevent hunger: "The world is in real serious trouble. This is not rhetoric and B.S. Step up now, because the world needs you."
Russian officials on Monday reiterated their assertion that they are not to blame for the food crisis, saying the country is not preventing Ukrainian grain shipments by rail.
"It is not us that are sources of problems leading to the world hunger threat, but those who imposed sanctions against the Russian Federation and the present sanctions themselves," Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov said in call with journalists.
Besides Zelenskyy's speech, a sizable Ukrainian government delegation is attending in person, making their case for more Western support.
Kyiv Mayor Vitali Klitschko pointed to the audience during a panel, saying, "We are defending you personally."
"We are fighting, first of all, for values" and to be part of the democratic world, Klitschko said. "And right now, everyone has to be proactive because we pay for that -- the biggest prize, human lives every day."
Russian officials have not been invited to Davos this year, with what was dubbed the "Russia House" having been transformed by critics -- including Ukrainian tycoon Victor Pinchuk and the country's Foreign Ministry -- into what they call the "Russia War Crimes House." The venue features photos of crimes and cruelties that Russian forces are accused of perpetuating.
Meanwhile, the head of the International Energy Agency urged countries and investors not to see energy shocks from the war as a reason to increase fossil fuel investments -- connecting the invasion to another major theme at Davos, climate change and environmental issues.
"We should not try to justify a new wave of long-term fossil fuel investments on the basis of what (Russian President Vladimir) Putin did," Fatih Birol said on an energy panel.
Instead, efficiencies, such as reducing leaked methane and even lowering thermostats by a few degrees this winter in Europe would help ensure adequate energy supply.
Russia is a major supplier of oil and natural gas, with the invasion sending European countries scrambling to reduce their reliance on Moscow through fossil fuel supplies from other countries, conservation and speeding up renewable development.
Yulia Klymenko, a member of the Ukrainian Parliament, had harsh words for European leaders, asking why they have failed to diversify their energy for decades.
"How come that you're all dependent and you are slaves of Putin de facto?" she asked on a panel called "The Return of the West?"
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AP reporters Kelvin Chan and Peter Prengaman contributed from Davos.
