BOZALAN, TURKEY -- As Turkish fire crews pressed ahead Tuesday with their weeklong battle against blazes tearing through forests and villages on the country's southern coast, President Recep Tayyip Erdogan's government faced increased criticism over its apparent poor response and inadequate preparedness for large-scale wildfires.
Fed by strong winds and scorching temperatures, the fires that began Wednesday have left eight people dead, forced thousands of residents and tourists to flee homes or vacation resorts in boats or convoys of cars and trucks. Charred and blackened trees have replaced some of the pine-coated hills in Turkey's Turquoise Coast while many villagers lost homes and livestock.
Firefighters on Tuesday were still tackling nine fires in the coastal provinces of Antalya and Mugla that are popular tourist destinations. Other active fires were reported in the provinces of Usak and Isparta. In all, 137 fires that broke out in over 30 provinces since Wednesday have been put out, officials said.
A senior Turkish forestry official described the wildfires as the worst in Turkey in living memory, though he could not say how many acres of forest land the fires had devoured. He also could not estimate how long it would take the crews to put the fires out, saying strong winds were reigniting flames that had previously been brought under control. The official spoke on condition of anonymity in line with government regulations.
As residents lost homes and livestock, anger turned toward the government, which admitted that it did not have a usable firefighting aircraft fleet. Opposition parties accused the government of failing to procure firefighting planes and instead spending money for construction projects that they say harmful the environment.
In the village of Bozalan, in Mugla province, where homes and olive groves were incinerated, residents complained that the government's response was inadequate.
"Our fire-extinguishing helicopters were insufficient," said 58-year-old Mahmut Sanli. "Our homes burned down. If there was a firefighting crew in our neighbourhood, this wouldn't have happened."
Nevzat Yildirim, 30, said he had called authorities in Mugla pleading for help but "nothing came."
"We tried to protect our own homes through our own means, by filling up buckets. We organized ourselves with neighbours, youths and saved our homes," he said.
In the nearby village of Cokertme, Gulseli Karaduman was seen using a fire extinguisher to save her olive trees.
"There has been no air support, nothing. For three days we've been living with this helplessness," she said.
Kemal Kilicdaroglu, the leader of Turkey's main opposition Republican People's Party, accused Erdogan on Tuesday of lacking a "master plan" to prevent and tackle forest fires and of ignoring warnings concerning global warming.
"If a president is incapable of devising a master plan for forest fire prevention, that president cannot prevent forest fires," Kilicdaroglu said in a televised address. "If a president is not aware that forest fires will increase with global warming ... that president cannot prevent forest fires."
He added: " We need to start preparing our country for new climate crises immediately. Our country is in the midst of a climate and water crisis."
Erdogan's government has also been accused of compromising firefighting efforts by allegedly refusing help from Western nations during the early stages of the fires. Agriculture and Forestry Minister Bekir Pakdemirli rejected that accusation, saying the government had only refused offers for small water-dumping planes.
Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu also refuted the claim Tuesday, saying Turkey accepted all offers for assistance that met its needs. France and Greece also offered to send fire-dumping planes but were later forced to retract them due to fires there, he said. Germany also withdrew an offer to send helicopters, he said.
"In times of disaster, we would of course accept assistance from other countries in the same way that we provide assistance to other countries," he said.
The Israeli Embassy, however, said Tuesday that Israel had offered to help but Turkish officials had refused the offer, saying the "situation is under control." It said the offer still stands.
Mayors posted videos pleading for aerial firefighting responses to local wildfires while celebrities joined a social media campaign requesting foreign help to combat the blazes. The campaign drew an angry response from a top Erdogan aide, Fahrettin Altun, who said "Our Turkey is strong. Our state is standing strong."
Erdogan himself was accused of insensitivity after he threw bags of tea at residents from a bus during a weekend visit to the fire-hit Antalya region.
Fire-dumping planes sent from Spain and Croatia joined planes from Russia, Iran, Ukraine and Azerbaijan on Tuesday. A total of 16 planes, 51 helicopters and more than 5,000 personnel were tackling the fires, officials said.
On Tuesday, officials evacuated residents from dozens of holiday homes as blazes advanced toward the Turkevleri region, near the town of Milas, in Mugla province. Mayor Osman Gurun told Halk TV that some 30,000 hectares (74,000 acres) may have been devastated in the province.
Health Minister Fahrettin Koca said 36 people in Mugla and 11 people in Antalya were still being treated in hospitals for fire-related injuries.
Authorities have launched investigations into the cause of the fires, including possible sabotage by Kurdish militants. Experts, however, mostly point to climate change as the culprit, along with accidents caused by people.
A heat wave across southern Europe, fed by hot air from North Africa, has led to wildfires across the Mediterranean, including in Italy and Greece.
The Turkish meteorology authority warned that temperatures would rise between 4 and 8 degrees Celsius above seasonal norms around the country's Aegean and Mediterranean coasts.
In Italy, the head of the civil protection agency, Fabrizio Curcio, described the wildfires affecting central and southern Italy as "dramatic." Firefighters on Tuesday were fighting seven major blazes in Calabria, Sicily, Basilicata and Puglia, employing aircraft near Matera, in Basilicata and around three fires in Calabria.
The mayor of Altamura, near the southern Italian city of Bari, advised residents to keep windows closed after a fire broke out in a plastics factory warehouse. A helicopter was dispatched near the city of Pescara in Abruzzo to prevent a wildfire from reaching a gasoline depot, while industrial production sites were under threat in the region's foothills.
Italian firefighters have battled more than 37,000 fires since June 15, an 76% increase over last year, when 62,623 hectares (nearly 155,000 acres) were destroyed, according to the Corriere della Sera newspaper. In the Oristano province of Sardinia alone, 20,000 hectares of woodlands have burned, dealing a blow to local beekeeping.
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Fraser reported from Ankara, Turkey. Ayse Wieting in Istanbul and Colleen Barry in Rome contributed
