OTTAWA -- Public Safety Minister Marco Mendicino says he hopes to introduce legislation declaring First Nations policing an essential service early in the new year, with one regional chief calling that timeline "tight."
In a year-end interview with The Canadian Press, Mendicino said the prospective law is under developmentwith input from Indigenous stakeholders and communities, who he said deserve "the same quality of policing" as non-Indigenous communities.
He described the work as the next step in advancing reconciliation with Indigenous people.
"We need to anchor our work in a relationship that is based on trust, on respect and on a recognition of the inherent right of Indigenous Peoples to self-determine when it comes to public faith," Mendicino said.
"It is precisely those values that is channelling the work that we are doing on the ground."
In September, Mendicino told reporters he would "work around the clock" to have the law ready to be introduced this fall, but that did not happen.
Prime Minister Justin Trudeau promised to create legislation declaring First Nations policing an essential service in 2020.
However, Ghislain Picard, a regional chief with the Assembly of First Nations representing Quebec and Labrador, says they have been discussing it with the federal government since the early days of Trudeau's first mandate in 2015.
"Timelines have been pushed back and pushed back," he said Wednesday.
He said the hope now is to have legislation presented in spring 2023, but "a lot of work has to happen between now and then."
Picard said that discussions about what the legislation should look like involve not only stakeholders such as the AFN, a national advocacy organization for more than 600 First Nations communities, but also provinces, experts and police chiefs.
"Timelines are going to be tight," he said.
The Conservative critic for Indigenous services, Gary Vidal, said that his party will review the legislation when it is introduced.
"However, it is already delayed, and that is not a good start if the government wants us to believe it is a priority for them," he said in a statement.
Trudeau's government has also faced pressure, including from Indigenous leaders, to reform the RCMP. The national force often acts as the main service for those living on-reserve because of contract policing agreements that it has in place with all provinces except Quebec and Ontario, which have their own provincial forces.
Crimes such as the stabbing rampage on James Smith Cree Nation in September, which left 11 dead and 18 others injured, have amplified the calls for reform.
Federal NDP Indigenous services critic Lori Idlout said that the tragedy reinforced a critical need for First Nations policing.
"The Liberal government keeps failing them through continuous delays in introducing the legislation," the Nunavut MP said in a statement.
"Indigenous peoples have the solutions; they just need a federal partner willing to provide long-term, sufficient and equitable funding."
Funding is indeed viewed as one of the major barriers. Since 1991, Ottawa has provided funding for police services on First Nations and in Inuit communities, but an internal evaluation this year found the program suffered from a lack of resources and the underfunding of service agreements.
Passing legislation that declares policing on First Nations to be an essential service is the easy part, Picard said.
"How do we fund it is the harder part," he said. "This is really what's at stake here."
Picard added that many elements will need to be taken into account, such as salaries, benefits, training and infrastructure -- not to mention how needs will differ depending on factors such as a community's remoteness.
"It is complex," he said.
The National Inquiry into Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls also flagged concerns around the inadequate funding with the existing program, and its 2019 report included a call to action to "dramatically transform Indigenous policing."
It said Indigenous police services must be funded to the same level as non-Indigenous ones, and undergo audits by civilian oversight bodies.
There are currently 35 First Nations police services in the country, according to Public Safety Canada, the majority of which operate in Ontario and Quebec.
The First Nations Chiefs of Police Association has said it's received dozens of calls from other communities looking to go the same route, which it says can be a lengthy, complicated process.
Despite not yet coming out with a new law, Mendicino said his government has made progress on the issue by reaching an agreement with the Alberta government and province's Siksika Nation that would allow the community to transition away from relying on the RCMP and instead create a self-administered police service.
Mendicino pointed out that Ottawa also signed an agreement with the Saskatchewan government and the Prince Albert Grand Council, which includes James Smith Cree Nation, to explore new ways to deliver public safety.
"That's what moving forward with reconciliation looks like," he said. "There's still a long way to go."
This report by The Canadian Press was first published Dec. 21, 2022.
