OTTAWA -- In the past, public health campaigns warning of the harmful effects of drugs delivered one resounding message: Don't do it.
But now that the federal government has decided to legalize marijuana, Health Canada has undertaken new strategies to try and land on teens' screens and in the places they hang out.
"Inevitably, that communication and education is going to be more nuanced and subtle," said David Hammond, a professor in the school of public health at the University of Waterloo.
Hammond said the federal government has adopted a harm reduction approach to its education around cannabis. That means instead of warning the public not to consume it, the messages point out that there are circumstances where it should be avoided.
Health Canada says it has rolled out a number of public education campaigns and has invested some coin in the effort. A social media campaign has been underway since last spring, and Public Safety began running a campaign on drug-impaired driving last fall.
There's also a cannabis health facts advertising campaign underway, launched last March, which aims to deliver "honest facts" to teens. This campaign features questions from the public and answers by cannabis experts, and can be found on the government's cannabis website. As recently as July, Health Canada launched an interactive engagement tour which targets youth and young adults and takes place at events like fairs, music festivals and sporting events.
The department said the planned investment in cannabis public education, awareness and surveillance is more than $100 million over six years. This includes $62.5 million over five years, proposed in last year's federal budget, to support community organizations and Indigenous groups that are educating their communities on the risks associated with cannabis use.
Hammond said it's too early to determine the effectiveness of these campaigns, but said it's clear Health Canada is "trying". He suggested the old tried-and-true black-and-white pamphlet will not be carried in the backpacks of teens.
"You're going to see that some of these campaigns are going to fall on their face and some of them will do quite well, but they'll all contribute to the discussion and that's a good thing."
The biggest challenge the government faces, he said, is connecting with teens. Teachers will have to figure out what to tell their students, doctors will determine what to tell their patients and parents will grapple with what to tell their children.
"We're seeing an evolution in the type of messages and if you really want to connect with consumers, don't tell them whether they should or should not do it. Give them information that will inform their decision."
Health Canada's warning messages for cannabis act as a "pretty good template" for its general communication campaign, he said.
The health warnings say cannabis smoke is harmful, and that cannabis can increase the risk of psychosis and schizophrenia. Another warning says not to use it if pregnant or breastfeeding. But one warning is indeed a throwback, saying simply: "don't use it".
Marc Paris, executive director of Drug Free Kids Canada, said his organization has developed a pamphlet, primarily for parents, to help them talk to their kids about marijuana. Health Canada helped with the project by providing funding for translation, printing and distribution.
Paris said about 250,000 pamphlets have been distributed so far and there's been a resurgence of requests as Oct. 17 quickly approaches.
He said a lot of parents have been "keeping their head in the sand" for some time, refusing to realize the inevitable--that marijuana will soon be legal.
"First thing we say to parents is that talking to your kids about drugs is not one conversation, it's an ongoing conversation." That means having parents ask their kids what they would say if someone offered them a joint at a party.
Conservative health critic Marilyn Gladu said she would like to see more education before legalization happens.
"If I'm a young person and I'm just going about my life and I'm not really aware about politics, I'm not concerned about marijuana being legalized. Everybody's already smoking it, so I might not know of the harms. I might not understand there's a test being put in place for impaired drug driving and how that might impact me. I might not be aware of the changes that we might expect."
