WASHINGTON -- The Trump administration's new birth control rule is raising questions among some women's health experts, who say it overlooks known benefits of contraception while selectively citing data that raise doubts about effectiveness and safety.
"This rule is listing things that are not scientifically validated, and in some cases things that are wrong, to try to justify a decision that is not in the best interests of women and society," said Dr. Hal Lawrence, CEO of the American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, which represents women's health specialists.
Two recently issued rules -- one addressing religious objections and the other, moral objections -- allow more employers to opt out of covering birth control as a free preventive benefit for women under the Obama health care law. Although the regulations ultimately concern matters of conscience and religious teaching, they also dive into medical research and scholarly studies on birth control.
It's on the science that the Trump administration is being challenged. Doctors and researchers say the administration ignored studies that didn't support its conclusions and stretched others.
"The interpretation is very selective in terms of the science that they use," said Alina Salganicoff, director of women's health policy at the nonpartisan Kaiser Family Foundation. "You can make an argument that you don't agree because of your religious or moral objections, but that is a different discussion."
In a statement, Health and Human Services Department spokeswoman Caitlin Oakley responded to critics, saying: "The rules are focused on guaranteeing religious freedom and conscience protections for those Americans who have a religious or moral objection to providing certain services based on their sincerely held beliefs."
The administration also says some parts of the rules are meant to illustrate the sorts of concerns that religious objectors may have, and don't necessarily reflect government policy.
Here's a look at examples from the Trump birth control rules that are raising questions:
THE MORNING-AFTER PILL
Emergency contraception is birth control for use after unprotected sex, often called the "morning-after pill."
Referring to the morning-after pill as well as intrauterine devices or IUDs, the regulations state that the Food and Drug Administration "includes in the category of 'contraceptives' certain drugs and devices that may not only prevent conception (fertilization), but also may prevent implantation of an embryo."
Because of that, "many persons and organizations" believe emergency contraception methods cause "early abortion," the regulations add.
But Princeton researcher James Trussell said that while studies years ago suggested the morning-after pill might affect the lining of a woman's uterus and interfere with the implantation of a fertilized egg, more recent studies have not found such an effect.
"The preponderance of the evidence, and certainly the most recent evidence, is that there is no post-fertilization effect," said Trussell.
That's not reflected in the administration's rule.
"The actual medical evidence is that it blocks ovulation," or the release of an egg from the ovaries, explained Lawrence, the ob-gyn. "If you don't ovulate, there is no egg to get fertilized. It's not blocking implantation."
EFFECTIVENESS OF BIRTH CONTROL
The Trump administration takes issue with the science behind the Obama-era decision to require most employers to cover birth control as preventive care.
It suggests that some studies the Obama administration relied on did not show a direct cause-and-effect link between increased birth control use and a decline in unintended pregnancy.
But Adam Sonfield of the Guttmacher Institute said solid research does in fact exist. His organization's work on reproductive health is cited by opposing sides in the political debate.
For example, Sonfield cited a Guttmacher report which found that women who used birth control consistently year-round accounted for only 5 per cent of unintended pregnancies in 2008.
"The vast majority of women use birth control at some point in their lives," said Sonfield. "As a medical service, it's far more universal than almost anything covered by insurance."
George Washington University public health professor Susan Wood, a former women's health chief for the FDA, said there's very clear clinical data that contraception prevents pregnancy. Why else would the FDA approve birth control pills?
"They are just using this as a smoke screen," Wood said of the administration. "They are picking out things that they like, and leaving out (studies) that support access to contraception."
THE SEXUAL REVOLUTION
The Trump administration's rule suggests there may be a link between birth control and promiscuity.
It cites a study finding that between 1960 and 1990, "as contraceptive use increased, teen sexual activity outside of marriage likewise increased."
Lawrence, the ob-gyn, said that's a stretch. Many factors influenced the 1960s, among them changing social mores about sex before marriage. Also, many people relied on less-effective condoms, diaphragms and spermicides.
"The world of birth control in 2018 is about as similar to the world of birth control in 1960 as a Ralph Nader Chevy Corvair is to a space shuttle," he said.
