'I get goosebumps': Canadians across the country mark Remembrance Day
Across Canada, dignitaries marked Remembrance Day by laying wreaths at ceremonies, school children sang in the late fall chill and veterans recalled the horrors of battle.
bell hooks, the groundbreaking author, educator and activist whose explorations of how race, gender, economics and politics intertwined helped shape academic and popular debates over the past 40 years, has died. She was 69.
In a statement issued through William Morrow Publishers, hooks' family announced that she died Wednesday in Berea, Kentucky, home to the bell hooks center at Berea College. Additional details were not immediately available, although her close friend Dr. Linda Strong-Leek said she had been ill for a long time.
鈥淪he was a giant, no nonsense person who lived by her own rules, and spoke her own truth in a time when Black people, and women especially, did not feel empowered to do that,鈥 Dr. Strong-Leek, a former provost of Berea College, wrote in an email to The Associated Press. 鈥淚t was a privilege to know her, and the world is a lesser place today because she is gone. There will never be another bell hooks.鈥
Starting in the 1970s, hooks was a profound presence in the classroom and on the page. She drew upon professional scholarship and personal history as she completed dozens of books that influenced countless peers and helped provide a framework for current debates about race, class and feminism. Her notable works included 鈥淎in't I a Woman? Black Women and Feminism,鈥 鈥淔eminist Theory: From Margin to Center鈥 and 鈥淎ll About Love: New Visions.鈥 She also wrote poetry and children's stories and appeared in such documentaries as 鈥淏lack Is ... Black Ain't鈥 and 鈥淗illbilly.鈥
Rejecting the isolation of feminism, civil rights and economics into separate fields, she was a believer in community and connectivity and how racism, sexism and economic disparity reinforced each other. Among her most famous expressions was her definition of feminism, which she called 鈥渁 movement to end sexism, sexist exploitation and oppression.鈥
Ibram X. Kendi, Roxane Gay, Tressie McMillan Cottom and others mourned hooks. Author Saeed Jones noted that her death came just a week after the loss of the celebrated Black author and critic Greg Tate. 鈥淚t all feels so pointed,鈥 he tweeted Wednesday.
Hooks' honors included an American Book Award from the Before Columbus Foundation, which champions diversity in literature. She taught at numerous schools, including Yale University, Oberlin College and City College of New York. She joined the Berea College faculty in 2004 and a decade later founded the center named for her, where 鈥渕any and varied expressions of difference can thrive.鈥 One former student at Yale, the author Min Jin Lee, would write in The New York Times in 2019 that in hooks' classroom 鈥渆verything felt so intense and crackling like the way the air can feel heavy before a long-awaited rain.鈥
hooks was born Gloria Jean Watkins in 1952 in the segregated town of Hopkinsville, Kentucky, and later gave herself the pen name bell hooks in honor of her maternal great-grandmother, while also spelling the words in lower case to establish her own identity and way of thinking. She loved reading from an early age, remembering how books gave her 鈥渧isions of new worlds鈥 that forced her out of her 鈥渃omfort zones.鈥
Her early influences ranged from James Baldwin and fellow Kentucky author Wendell Berry to the Rev. Martin Luther King Jr.
鈥淢artin Luther King was my teacher for understanding the importance of beloved community. He had a profound awareness that the people involved in oppressive institutions will not change from the logics and practices of domination without engagement with those who are striving for a better way,鈥 she said in an interview that ran in Appalachian Heritage in 2012.
She majored in English at Stanford University and received a master's in English from the University of Wisconsin. It was the 1970s, the height of second wave feminism, but hooks - 鈥渢his bold young black female from rural Kentucky鈥 - felt apart from the movement and its 鈥渨hite and female comrades.鈥 She was still in college when she began writing 鈥淎in't I a Woman,鈥 named for a speech by Sojourner Truth and a now-canonical look at how the 鈥渄evaluation of black womanhood occurred as a result of the sexual exploitation of black women during slavery.鈥
Over the following decades, Hooks examined how stereotypes influence everything from music and movies (鈥渢he oppositional gaze鈥) to love, writing in 鈥淎ll About Love鈥 that 鈥渕uch of what we were taught about the nature of love makes no sense when applied to daily life.鈥 She also documented at length the collective identity and past of Black people in rural Kentucky, a part of the state often depicted as largely white and homogeneous.
鈥淲e chart our lives by everything we remember from the mundane moment to the majestic. We know ourselves through the art and act of remembering,鈥 she wrote in 鈥淏elonging: A Culture of Place,鈥 published in 2009.
鈥淚 pay tribute to the past as a resource that can serve as a foundation for us to revision and renew our commitment to the present, to making a world where all people can live fully and well, where everyone, can belong.鈥
Associated Press Writer Piper Hudspeth Blackburn in Louisville, Kentucky contributed to this report.
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