麻豆传媒

Skip to main content

bell hooks, groundbreaking feminist thinker, dies at 69

bell hooks in 2009. (Photo: Wikipedia) bell hooks in 2009. (Photo: Wikipedia)
Share
NEW YORK -

bell hooks, the groundbreaking author, educator and activist whose explorations of how race, gender, economics and politics intertwined helped shape academic and popular debates over the past 40 years, has died. She was 69.

In a statement issued through William Morrow Publishers, hooks' family announced that she died Wednesday in Berea, Kentucky, home to the bell hooks center at Berea College. Additional details were not immediately available, although her close friend Dr. Linda Strong-Leek said she had been ill for a long time.

鈥淪he was a giant, no nonsense person who lived by her own rules, and spoke her own truth in a time when Black people, and women especially, did not feel empowered to do that,鈥 Dr. Strong-Leek, a former provost of Berea College, wrote in an email to The Associated Press. 鈥淚t was a privilege to know her, and the world is a lesser place today because she is gone. There will never be another bell hooks.鈥

Starting in the 1970s, hooks was a profound presence in the classroom and on the page. She drew upon professional scholarship and personal history as she completed dozens of books that influenced countless peers and helped provide a framework for current debates about race, class and feminism. Her notable works included 鈥淎in't I a Woman? Black Women and Feminism,鈥 鈥淔eminist Theory: From Margin to Center鈥 and 鈥淎ll About Love: New Visions.鈥 She also wrote poetry and children's stories and appeared in such documentaries as 鈥淏lack Is ... Black Ain't鈥 and 鈥淗illbilly.鈥

Rejecting the isolation of feminism, civil rights and economics into separate fields, she was a believer in community and connectivity and how racism, sexism and economic disparity reinforced each other. Among her most famous expressions was her definition of feminism, which she called 鈥渁 movement to end sexism, sexist exploitation and oppression.鈥

Ibram X. Kendi, Roxane Gay, Tressie McMillan Cottom and others mourned hooks. Author Saeed Jones noted that her death came just a week after the loss of the celebrated Black author and critic Greg Tate. 鈥淚t all feels so pointed,鈥 he tweeted Wednesday.

Hooks' honors included an American Book Award from the Before Columbus Foundation, which champions diversity in literature. She taught at numerous schools, including Yale University, Oberlin College and City College of New York. She joined the Berea College faculty in 2004 and a decade later founded the center named for her, where 鈥渕any and varied expressions of difference can thrive.鈥 One former student at Yale, the author Min Jin Lee, would write in The New York Times in 2019 that in hooks' classroom 鈥渆verything felt so intense and crackling like the way the air can feel heavy before a long-awaited rain.鈥

hooks was born Gloria Jean Watkins in 1952 in the segregated town of Hopkinsville, Kentucky, and later gave herself the pen name bell hooks in honor of her maternal great-grandmother, while also spelling the words in lower case to establish her own identity and way of thinking. She loved reading from an early age, remembering how books gave her 鈥渧isions of new worlds鈥 that forced her out of her 鈥渃omfort zones.鈥

Her early influences ranged from James Baldwin and fellow Kentucky author Wendell Berry to the Rev. Martin Luther King Jr.

鈥淢artin Luther King was my teacher for understanding the importance of beloved community. He had a profound awareness that the people involved in oppressive institutions will not change from the logics and practices of domination without engagement with those who are striving for a better way,鈥 she said in an interview that ran in Appalachian Heritage in 2012.

She majored in English at Stanford University and received a master's in English from the University of Wisconsin. It was the 1970s, the height of second wave feminism, but hooks - 鈥渢his bold young black female from rural Kentucky鈥 - felt apart from the movement and its 鈥渨hite and female comrades.鈥 She was still in college when she began writing 鈥淎in't I a Woman,鈥 named for a speech by Sojourner Truth and a now-canonical look at how the 鈥渄evaluation of black womanhood occurred as a result of the sexual exploitation of black women during slavery.鈥

Over the following decades, Hooks examined how stereotypes influence everything from music and movies (鈥渢he oppositional gaze鈥) to love, writing in 鈥淎ll About Love鈥 that 鈥渕uch of what we were taught about the nature of love makes no sense when applied to daily life.鈥 She also documented at length the collective identity and past of Black people in rural Kentucky, a part of the state often depicted as largely white and homogeneous.

鈥淲e chart our lives by everything we remember from the mundane moment to the majestic. We know ourselves through the art and act of remembering,鈥 she wrote in 鈥淏elonging: A Culture of Place,鈥 published in 2009.

鈥淚 pay tribute to the past as a resource that can serve as a foundation for us to revision and renew our commitment to the present, to making a world where all people can live fully and well, where everyone, can belong.鈥

Associated Press Writer Piper Hudspeth Blackburn in Louisville, Kentucky contributed to this report.

CTVNews.ca Top Stories

Timmins-James Bay MP Charlie Angus was among approximately 120 people who gathered Sunday night for a candlelight vigil near the scene of a vicious attack against a 16-year-old in Cobalt.

A 36-year-old Montreal man who was out on bail after allegedly uttering death threats against his partner is now accused of murdering her on the South Shore.

A B.C. woman who stole more than $14,000 in volunteer-raised funds that were supposed to be spent on school supplies and programs 鈥 including hot meals for vulnerable kids 鈥 won't spend any time in jail.

Local Spotlight

For the second year in a row, the 鈥楪ift-a-Family鈥 campaign is hoping to make the holidays happier for children and families in need throughout Barrie.

Some of the most prolific photographers behind CTV Skywatch Pics of the Day use the medium for fun, therapy, and connection.

A young family from Codroy Valley, N.L., is happy to be on land and resting with their newborn daughter, Miley, after an overwhelming, yet exciting experience at sea.

As Connor Nijsse prepared to remove some old drywall during his garage renovation, he feared the worst.

A group of women in Chester, N.S., has been busy on the weekends making quilts 鈥 not for themselves, but for those in need.

A Vancouver artist whose streetside singing led to a chance encounter with one of the world's biggest musicians is encouraging aspiring performers to try their hand at busking.

Ten-thousand hand-knit poppies were taken from the Sanctuary Arts Centre and displayed on the fence surrounding the Dartmouth Cenotaph on Monday.

A Vancouver man is saying goodbye to his nine-to-five and embarking on a road trip from the Canadian Arctic to Antarctica.