Marine scientists 鈥渓istening in鈥 on a recovering coral reef surrounding the Badi and Bontosua Islands in the Spermonde Archipelago of Indonesia reported fish making 鈥済rowls,鈥 鈥渨hoops鈥 and other noises that signify the reef is coming back to life.
Over the past ten years, scientists and conservationists have been re-seeding the troubled reef with new corals, and researchers used underwater microphones to listen to the soundscape of the environment, which they say 鈥渞epresents a functionally important measure of a reef鈥檚 ecological status.鈥
Documenting their findings in a study published in the Tuesday, researchers wrote: 鈥渙n healthy reefs, a wide range of soniferous fishes and invertebrates contribute to a loud and diverse soundscape that plays an important role in ecosystem functioning; acoustic cues in the soundscape guide the recruitment and settlement behaviour of many reef organisms.鈥
The reefs in Southeast Asia are heavily threatened by overfishing, destructive fishing practices, coastal development and sediment and nutrient runoff associated fish deforestation, agriculture and construction, the study notes.
The reefs surrounding the Spermonde Archipelago in Indonesia are 鈥減articularly threatened鈥 by blast fishing 鈥 where dynamite is thrown into the reef and dead fish are collected from the surface--which causes extensive damage and has a slow recovery rate.
The team monitored the restored reefs and compared the soundscapes to both healthy and damaged reefs nearby. The healthy and restored reefs had 60 to 85 per cent live coral cover, compared to the less than 10 per cent of live coral seen at the damaged reef.
Soundscape recordings were taken at each reef site using hydrophones with built-in recorders which were suspended half a metre above the seabed on ropes. A snorkeler would place the hydrophones and then swim at least 500 metres away, retrieving the equipment when the hour-long recording had finished, the study says.
More than 90 audio samples were collected and analyzed, with researchers noting that due to sounds of coral reef fish not being well documented, they could not 鈥渃onfidently ascribe鈥 any of the sounds to individual species.
In a list of the 10 distinct sounds present in all recordings, marine life was heard making knocks, purrs, scrapes, croaks, growls, grunts, raspberries, foghorns, whoops and 鈥渓aughs.鈥 The study notes that some sounds, like the scraping sound, happened at particular times during the day 鈥 in this case the morning and afternoon. Some occurred at sunrise and sunset and others most frequently at night.
Seven out of the 10 sounds occurred at least 50 per cent more often in the healthy and restored reef than the nearby damaged one.
The study says results suggest that restoration projects鈥 success can be measured and detected in the soundscape of the reef, and that auditory monitoring may be a key tool for measuring further reef ecosystem recovery.
Prime Minister Justin Trudeau said many Canadians are taking their cost-of-living frustrations 'out on me for understandable reasons,' during his U.S. late-night television debut on 'The Late Show' with Stephen Colbert Monday night.
Israel and Hezbollah traded fire again on Tuesday -- including a new Israeli airstrike on Beirut -- as the death toll from a massive Israeli bombardment climbed to nearly 560 people and thousands fled from southern Lebanon with the two sides on the brink of all-out war.
While many Canadians no longer stress as much about COVID-19 as they did during its peak, health experts say a new variant has been spreading in some parts of the world and is now present in Canada.
Police in northern Switzerland said Tuesday that several people have been detained and a criminal case opened in connection with the suspected death of a person in a new 'suicide capsule.'
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B.C.鈥檚 Civil Resolution Tribunal has ordered WestJet to refund a family in full for their diverted flight and compensate them for associated costs.
Coca-Cola is discontinuing the production of its new Spiced flavour just six months after the soda hit shelves, marking the end of a disappointing attempt to attract younger drinkers.
A man accused of driving his truck into a march for B.C. residential school survivors two years ago has been found guilty of dangerous driving.
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The Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA) reported this week that officers in the agency's Montreal Marine and Rail Services seized 78 vehicles and transferred them to police. Numbers of stolen vehicles in Quebec continue to skyrocket.
A former Lethbridge pastor who bilked millions out of hundreds of southern Albertans has appealed his conviction and sentence.
A man accused of driving his truck into a march for B.C. residential school survivors two years ago has been found guilty of dangerous driving.
It's been exactly three years since Canadian Michael Kovrig returned to Canada after spending 1,019 days in a Chinese prison. Now, he's publicly speaking out about his arrest and detainment for the first time.
On Sept. 20, Justice R.E. Nation of the Alberta Court of King's Bench found Craig McMorran guilty of fraud, money laundering and stealing a cottage from its rightful owners.
Japan's top diplomat asked China to ensure the safety of Japanese citizens there after the fatal stabbing of a Japanese schoolboy, and demanded a crackdown on what she called 'groundless, malicious and anti-Japanese' social media posts that threaten children's safety.
The powerful sister of North Korean leader Kim Jong Un vowed Tuesday to boost the country's nuclear war capability and take other steps to protest the recent arrival of a nuclear-powered U.S. submarine in South Korea.
Prosecutors in Turkiye have charged 13 public officials over a fire that killed 29 people at an Istanbul nightclub that was undergoing renovation, state-run media reported Tuesday.
Police in northern Switzerland said Tuesday that several people have been detained and a criminal case opened in connection with the suspected death of a person in a new 'suicide capsule.'
A mentally ill man who killed 10 people at a Colorado supermarket in 2021 was convicted Monday of murder and faces life in prison.
Israel and Hezbollah traded fire again on Tuesday -- including a new Israeli airstrike on Beirut -- as the death toll from a massive Israeli bombardment climbed to nearly 560 people and thousands fled from southern Lebanon with the two sides on the brink of all-out war.
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A federal inquiry into foreign interference is slated to hear today from parliamentary security officials including House of Commons sergeant-at-arms Patrick McDonell.
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A Soyuz capsule carrying two Russians and one American from the International Space Station landed Monday in Kazakhstan, ending a record-breaking stay for the Russian pair.
Beverly Glenn-Copeland says he's been diagnosed with dementia and will play his final concert tour dates over the next two weeks.
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The sexual assault trial for Canadian musician Jacob Hoggard, the former frontman for the band Hedley, is expected to begin in northern Ontario this week, following a jury selection process.
Cineplex Inc. has been ordered to pay a record $38.9 million fine after the Competition Tribunal found the theatre owner guilty of deceptive marketing practices.
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The Boston Red Sox kept their playoff hopes alive on Monday by beating the Toronto Blue Jays 4-1 in the first of a three-game road series.
Surfer Mickey Brennan says he's 'amazed' to be alive after wiping out in a giant wave off Tasmania.
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Emergency Crews including Regina Fire were called to a house fire in the community of Grand Coulee on Monday afternoon.
Three people were killed Monday morning in a crash north of Wellesley.
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The Saskatchewan Government is fighting to have a Court of King's Bench decision reversed. A decision which would allow a constitutional challenge of its Parents' Bill of Rights.
Fire crews are battling a blaze at the Candle Lake Golf Course clubhouse on Monday morning.
The Saskatchewan Ministry of Education says a woman facing an assault charge is no longer working at a private Christian school where the alleged incident took place.
We've all had neighbours we didn't like, but two people from Sault Ste. Marie have been awarded more than half a million dollars for the 'extreme' behaviour of the people who lived next to them.
Prime Minister Justin Trudeau said many Canadians are taking their cost-of-living frustrations 'out on me for understandable reasons,' during his U.S. late-night television debut on 'The Late Show' with Stephen Colbert Monday night.
A family dispute related to a property matter turned ugly over the weekend when a 71-year-old hit their head on the pavement after being pushed.
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519 Meets organized a car rally in south London on Saturday in a Value Village parking lot, and it turned out to be their largest ever.
Weather warnings and weather statements have been issued for central Ontario.
Casino Rama announced three new performances will hit the stage this winter.
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Emergency crews are on scene of a multi-vehicle crash in Essex County.According to OPP, County Road 20 is closed between Iler road and McCormick Road in Harrow.
Lawyers can't agree on how much time they feel Ryan Turgeon should spend in jail. In April, the 39 year old was found guilty of sexual exploitation and making sexually explicit material available to a minor.
Rain could be heavy at times across Windsor-Essex on Tuesday. Environment Canada has issues a special weather statement, with total local rainfall amounts near 30 to 45 mm.
B.C.鈥檚 Civil Resolution Tribunal has ordered WestJet to refund a family in full for their diverted flight and compensate them for associated costs.
BC Conservative leader John Rustad dropped a major policy plan Sunday, pledging to eliminate supervised drug consumption sites across B.C. and replace them with intake centres for treatment and recovery.
Mounties are asking witnesses to come forward after a woman was struck by a vehicle and seriously injured in a crosswalk in Nanaimo, B.C.
A pair of runaway pigs are in the custody of an animal sanctuary in the Okanagan after evading police and volunteers for hours earlier this week.
The Red Bridge, a historic landmark in Kamloops, B.C., was completely destroyed by fire early Thursday morning.
Animal protection officers in British Columbia have rescued three pit bulls 鈥 including one that gave birth to 10 puppies 鈥 from a rat-infested home in Kelowna.
A former Lethbridge pastor who bilked millions out of hundreds of southern Albertans has appealed his conviction and sentence.
Farmers in southern Alberta are working to wrap up harvest, with 80 per cent of major crops in the bin, according to the province's latest crop report.
Monday marked the official start of Reconciliation Week in Lethbridge.
We've all had neighbours we didn't like, but two people from Sault Ste. Marie have been awarded more than half a million dollars for the 'extreme' behaviour of the people who lived next to them.
Officials in the City of Timmins say the state of Municipal Road, which connects Timmins and Iroquois Falls, is well beyond the patch-up phase.
After playing the lottery for more than 40 years, a Greater Sudbury woman made a huge windfall playing a scratch ticket game.
Newfoundland and Labrador sponsored a minor football team in England, now they鈥檙e about to play one of the biggest clubs in European soccer.
Newfoundland and Labrador's chief medical officer is monitoring the rise of whooping cough infections across the province as cases of the highly contagious disease continue to grow across Canada.
A 16-year-old biennial event aimed at fostering business in the country's eastern Arctic and northern regions has been cancelled indefinitely as a dispute unfolds between Inuit in Canada and a Labrador group claiming to share their heritage.
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