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    • Two months of job losses a sign of shifting economy, economist suggests

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    Canada's economy appears to be backing away from the rapid jobs growth seen earlier this year, with July marking the second-straight month of job losses, even as the unemployment rate held steady.

    The jobless rate stayed at 4.9 per cent in July, the lowest since comparable record-keeping began in 1976, in its latest labour force survey. The economy lost 31,000 jobs, following on a loss of 43,000 jobs in June.

    Indeed senior economist Brendon Bernard said while the loss is still within the margin of error of the survey it nonetheless signals a shift.

    "It looks like the employment recovery has shifted from the gas pedal going down strong to more neutral gear," said Bernard.

    Bernard said the unemployment rate remained unchanged from June despite the jobs loss because of a dip in the labour force participation rate.

    The reports notes that the proportion of people who are working or actively looking for work has fallen from the historic high it reached in March 2022.

    Canada's labour market remains exceptionally tight, with more than one million job vacancies across the country.

    Statistics Canada's latest report says despite the ongoing labour shortage, there is no evidence of a rise in the proportion of people leaving or switching jobs.

    Additionally, the labour participation rate for Canadians between the ages of 25 and 54 is relatively unchanged from where it was pre-pandemic.

    For the month of July, the number of public sector employees fell, while the number of self-employed workers rose. There was little change in the number of private sector workers.

    CIBC senior economist Andrew Grantham noted that the job losses in July were concentrated in the services sector, including wholesale and retail, education and health in a email sent on Friday morning.

    "With some of those sectors reporting high vacancy rates, labour supply rather than demand appears to be the main issue," Grantham said.

    Bernard said he's been expecting a stronger recovery of the accommodation sector after being hard hit by the pandemic, but the momentum hasn't materialized.

    "I think part of the story is just that people have shifted to other sectors," Bernard said.

    The pace of wage growth also held steady compared with June, with average hourly wages rising 5.2 per cent year over year.

    Canada's labour shortage has been driven by demographic changes in the population, with retirement numbers having outpaced the number of people entering the workforce. But University of Waterloo economics professor Mikal Skuterud expects things to ease in the long run.

    "Twelve to eighteen months from now, I would be very surprised if labor markets are as tight as they are now. And I think the difference will be quite substantial," Skuterud said.

    The Statistics Canada report also looked at the ongoing healthcare worker shortage, with a focus on nurses. According to Statistics Canada, more than one in five nurses worked paid overtime hours in July, the highest level since comparable data became available in 1997.

    For comparison, about 10 per cent of all other employees worked overtime in July.

    As Canada faced the seventh wave of COVID-19 infections, 11.2 per cent of nurses were off sick for at least part of the week when the labour force survey was conducted.

    The Bank of Canada is paying close attention to employment levels in the country as it gears up to make its next key interest rate announcement in September, when it's expected to raise interest rates once more.

    While economic growth slows in the country as the central bank attempts to tame inflation with higher interest rates, economists have noted that the tight labour market makes the slowdown unique in its nature.

    The Bank of Canada is hoping for a "soft landing," where inflation falls without interest rate hikes trigging a serious economic downturn.

    "Everything I'm seeing is making me increasingly optimistic that we may at least have a soft landing," Skuterud said. "We're still seeing remarkably strong labor markets across the country."

    CIBC expects the central bank to justify another supersized rate hike by pointing toward Canada's historically low unemployment and ongoing wage growth.

    "Evidence that the economy is slowing due to weakening demand, rather than supply constraints, will bring a pause in this rate hike cycle following the next hike," Grantham said.

    A quick look at Canada's July employment (numbers from the previous month in brackets):

    • Unemployment rate: 4.9 per cent (4.9)
    • Employment rate: 61.6 per cent (61.7)
    • Participation rate: 64.7 per cent (64.9)
    • Number unemployed: 1,007,100 (1,003,500)
    • Number working: 19,566,500 (19,597,100)
    • Youth (15-24 years) unemployment rate: 9.2 per cent (9.2)
    • Men (25 plus) unemployment rate: 4.2 per cent (4.3)
    • Women (25 plus) unemployment rate: 4.2 per cent (4.0)

    Here are the jobless rates last month by province (numbers from the previous month in brackets):

    • Newfoundland and Labrador 10.2 per cent (9.9)
    • Prince Edward Island 5.7 per cent (4.9)
    • Nova Scotia 5.9 per cent (7.0)
    • New Brunswick 7.1 per cent (6.1)
    • Quebec 4.1 per cent (4.3)
    • Ontario 5.3 per cent (5.1)
    • Manitoba 3.5 per cent (3.8)
    • Saskatchewan 4.0 per cent (3.9)
    • Alberta 4.8 per cent (4.9)
    • British Columbia 4.7 per cent (4.6)

    Statistics Canada also released seasonally adjusted, three-month moving average unemployment rates for major cities. It cautions, however, that the figures may fluctuate widely because they are based on small statistical samples. Here are the jobless rates last month by city (numbers from the previous month in brackets):

    • St. John's, N.L. 6.0 per cent (6.3)
    • Halifax 4.9 per cent (4.6)
    • Moncton, N.B. 4.6 per cent (4.2)
    • Saint John, N.B. 7.8 per cent (7.4)
    • Saguenay, Que. 3.3 per cent (3.4)
    • Quebec City 2.9 per cent (3.0)
    • Sherbrooke, Que. 3.6 per cent (3.4)
    • Trois-Rivieres, Que. 3.2 per cent (3.2)
    • Montreal 4.8 per cent (4.8)
    • Gatineau, Que. 3.5 per cent (2.8)
    • Ottawa 3.5 per cent (3.9)
    • Kingston, Ont. 5.4 per cent (6.0)
    • Peterborough, Ont. 6.1 per cent (6.2)
    • Oshawa, Ont. 4.8 per cent (4.9)
    • Toronto 5.9 per cent (6.1)
    • Hamilton, Ont. 4.3 per cent (4.6)
    • St. Catharines-Niagara, Ont. 4.9 per cent (4.5)
    • Kitchener-Cambridge-Waterloo, Ont. 5.1 per cent (5.1)
    • Brantford, Ont. 3.4 per cent (3.9)
    • Guelph, Ont. 3.2 per cent (4.5)
    • London, Ont. 6.1 per cent (5.8)
    • Windsor, Ont. 6.5 per cent (5.4)
    • Barrie, Ont. 5.4 per cent (6.0)
    • Greater Sudbury, Ont. 4.5 per cent (4.3)
    • Thunder Bay, Ont. 4.6 per cent (4.3)
    • Winnipeg 4.2 per cent (4.9)
    • Regina 3.9 per cent (5.2)
    • Saskatoon 4.3 per cent (4.4)
    • Calgary 5.0 per cent (5.5)
    • Edmonton 5.1 per cent (5.9)
    • Kelowna, B.C. 4.0 per cent (4.0)
    • Abbotsford-Mission, B.C. 4.9 per cent (4.5)
    • Vancouver 4.7 per cent (5.0)
    • Victoria 4.3 per cent (4.1)

    This report by The Canadian Press was first published Aug. 5, 2022

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